How to Increase Appetite in Children?

Loss of appetite in children is a common problem that worries many parents. However, it is important to understand that changes in appetite can sometimes be normal during growth stages, especially in infants and early childhood, when the growth rate slows down and the need for food temporarily decreases.
That said, if poor appetite is accompanied by weight loss, noticeable lethargy, or delayed growth, this requires medical evaluation.
The aim of this article is to provide a clear understanding of the causes of poor appetite, behavioral and medical treatment options, and supplements that may help in cases of deficiency after consulting a doctor.

Why Does a Child’s Appetite Decrease? Key Causes to Know

1- Natural growth stages and selective eating behaviors (fussy / picky eating)

Many children go through periods of refusing new foods or having a reduced appetite as a normal part of development. This does not always indicate illness; a child’s intake should be assessed over days and weeks, not a single day.

2- Acute or chronic illnesses

Colds, ear infections, stomach problems, or chronic diseases can make eating difficult or reduce appetite. If appetite loss is accompanied by fever, repeated vomiting, or weight loss, it is recommended to visit a doctor immediately.

3- Nutrient deficiencies (such as iron or zinc)

Iron deficiency (low ferritin stores) may cause fatigue and poor appetite in some children. Studies have also linked zinc deficiency with certain eating disorders in children. Correcting deficiencies may improve appetite.

4- Psychological or social factors

Household stress, behavioral issues, or pressure-based feeding practices (forcing a child to eat) can increase food refusal. Food insecurity or limited resources can also affect the quality and quantity of available food.

5- Side effects of medications or certain medical conditions

Some medications reduce appetite, and some medical conditions cause pain while eating or difficulty swallowing. Reviewing medical history and medications helps identify and address the problem.

How to Treat Poor Appetite in Children?

1- Behavioral steps and daily feeding practices (always the first step)

Establish a regular meal routine:
Organizing meal times and limiting meals to 10–20 minutes for young children helps build healthy expectations around eating.

Offer small, varied options:
Instead of pressuring the child to eat large amounts, offer small portions and different colors and textures to spark curiosity (fun food shapes, small tasting portions).

Avoid distractions:
Turn off TVs and devices during meals and focus on family conversation to improve attention to food.

Do not use food as a reward or punishment:
This creates emotional associations with food and negatively affects a child’s relationship with eating.

2- Medical evaluation and tests

• Monitor growth and weight-for-height to ensure the child is following an appropriate growth curve.

• Laboratory tests when indicated: iron levels (ferritin), zinc levels, and specific vitamins (such as B12 or D) if needed. Treating deficiencies may restore appetite. These tests are ordered by the pediatrician based on the child’s condition.

3- Practical nutritional strategies

Small, frequent, calorie-dense meals:
When appetite is low, small meals or nutritious snacks (protein-rich soups, whole grains with nut butter if no allergy) are easier to digest and better accepted.

Oral nutritional supplements (ONS) when needed:
In cases of malnutrition or poor weight gain, high-calorie, high-protein formulas may be used under medical supervision.

Supplements That May Help Increase Appetite

1. Zinc

Why?
Some studies show that correcting zinc deficiency may improve appetite and increase food intake in certain children. Evidence is mixed, but there is support for its benefit in deficiency or malnutrition.

Safe use:
Should be given in age-appropriate doses and under medical supervision, as long-term high doses may interfere with copper absorption.

2. Treating iron deficiency

Why?
Iron deficiency is associated with fatigue and poor appetite in children. Treating iron deficiency anemia (after checking ferritin levels) may improve energy and, in turn, appetite.

Note:
Do not give iron supplements without testing, as excess iron can be harmful.

3. Multivitamins (when there is general deficiency)

Why?
If a child has multiple nutrient deficiencies due to a limited diet, a multivitamin supplement may help improve overall energy levels and appetite. Evidence supports their use in populations or cases with clear nutritional deficiencies.

To learn more about product details, visit the following link: Children’s Multivitamins

4. Probiotics

Why?
Preliminary evidence suggests probiotics may improve child growth in certain contexts (especially in low-resource settings or among malnourished children). Always consult a doctor before use.

Important Warning

Before giving any supplement to your child, consult a pediatrician or pharmacist. Do not give medications or supplements without identifying the cause and ensuring proper medical follow-up.

Poor appetite in children is often normal, but it can also signal a nutritional deficiency or medical condition that requires evaluation. The best approach combines behavioral feeding strategies (structured meals, small choices, calm environment) with appropriate medical assessment when needed. If deficiencies such as iron or zinc are confirmed, correcting them with suitable supplements can improve appetite and energy. Appetite-stimulating medications are used only in specific cases and under medical supervision.

Medical Sources:

• NHS: Fussy eaters / Loss of appetite in children

• American Academy of Pediatrics: Loss of Appetite in Children